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Public home page for
Air Quality and Fire Issues
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Sponsored by the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Smoke Committee (SmoC), this neighborhood is a place to share information about air quality as it relates to fire. Forums will be used as updates and opportunities to discuss issues.
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AirQuality and Fire Issues
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Welcome to this public thread on smoke management hosted by the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Smoke Committee (SmoC). My hope is to use this forum as a place for dialog on smoke management issues, air quality regulations, strategies for managing smoke from wildland fire, approaches to technical smoke questions, and fire environment issues that affect smoke generation, transport, impacts and measurement. Leave your questions and the NWCG Smoke Committee members will strive to address them as well as other experts in the field. Share your success stories or emerging issues. Thoughts are appreciated on making this tool effective for creating a dialog and information on smoke management.
Pete Lahm
US Forest Service
Air Quality/Smoke Management Specialist
Fire and Aviation Management
Washington, DC
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2011 Annual Report with Upcoming Issues for 2012
SmoC 2010 Accomplishment Report
SmoC 2009 Accomplishment Report
SmoC Information and Contacts
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Site Categories (click to link to section)
Posted 5/13/13 Interim Exceptional Events Guidance Documents - just posted by EPA. Memo, fact sheet and two documents, “Interim Exceptional Events Rule Frequently Asked Questions” and the “Interim Guidance on the Preparation of Demonstrations in Support of Requests to Exclude Ambient Air Quality Data Affected by High Winds Under the Exceptional Events Rule.”
Posted 5/2/13 Draft EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory - available for review. Revisions due 5/8/2013. Contact your respective air quality agency to make comments and understand how they are addressing fire activity in your state. Assessment of Biomass Burning in the Conterminous United States - Bill Leenhouts
Posted 5/3/13 California Interagency Air and Smoke Council Steering Committee - McClellan AFB, Sacramento May 29-30. This meeting will focus on larger landscape burns, exceptional events, natural ignitions, and smoke & fire information sources. If you have any questions, please contact Ann Hobbs <AHobbs@placer.ca.gov>
For more information, or to sign up for the list-serve, please email Dar Mims <dmims@arb.ca.gov>
The Interagency Air and Smoke Council (IASC)is established to provide a forum for air regulators, land managers, and fire managers to discuss air quality and smoke management issues in California.
Prescribed Fire Smoke and Air Quality - A Case Study From the Flint Hills of Kansas
Kansas Flint Hills Smoke Management Plan
It's that time of year, again! SuperFog - THIS is what it looks like! Be careful!
Photo by Park Patrol Lt. Dan Dickson of the morning smoke laying on Hwy 441 in the Paynes Prairie Basin
south of Gainesville, Florida on January 29, 2012.
PM NAAQS Briefing Paper - 1/29/2013
EPA Revises the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particle Pollution - 12/14/2012
Presentation Date: 11/5/12 Posting date: 12/11/12
2011 Wildland Fire National Emission Inventory - Sept 5, 2012 Webinar
IN THE NEWS
5/16/13 - Minnesota - Wildfire near Park Rapids remains out of control - Heavy smoke and firefighting efforts have closed two roads in the area.
5/15/13 - Wisconsin - Wildfire Roars In Far Northwestern Wisconsin - A wildfire seemed to explode in a pine barren region of Douglas County Tuesday evening, then did a U-turn that forced the evacuation center to itself evacuate to another area. “That was a new experience. When the winds changed and we needed to make changes to where the incident command post was and where we were planning to shelter folks, that was a very sobering time.” “The smoke. Everything we had in that area where we had the shelter set up... there’s so much smoke that you can’t hardly breathe.”
5/2/13 - 12:40 pm PDT - The Springs Fire had burned at least 6,500 acres in Newbury Park and Camarillo. Officials are also considering closing down a 10-mile stretch of Pacific Coast Highway near the county line.
4/10/13 - Bengkalis, Indonesia - Wildfire destroys 60-ha of peatland and forests - The smoke has also affected residents of Bengkalis Island. “The sky looks cloudy, even though it is scorchingly hot. We cannot see the sun. The haze hurts our eyes. Many of us prefer to stay at home to avoid the haze.”
4/4/13 - Experts Predict A Smoke-Filled 2013 Wildfire Season
4/2/13 - South Florida - Wildfire erupts in South Miami-Dade - A 50-acre brush fire was sending heavy smoke and flames into the air in south Miami-Dade County Tuesday evening near Homestead.
Read more here: http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/04/02/3319837/wildfire-erupts-in-south-miami.html#storylink=cpy
Read more here: http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/04/02/3318921/dense-fog-and-smoke-shut-down.html#storylink=cpy
4/2/13 - Jacksonville, FL - 400-acre fire burns through Pumpkin Hill Creek Preserve State Park, smoke visible for miles - Many roads in the area closed....
2/7/13 - Georgia - Smoke, Fog Contributed To I-16 Pileup - Georgia Forestry Commission spokesperson Wendy Burnett says her agency was aware of a wildfire nearby the day before, as well as permit the commission had issued for a controlled burn.
2/5/13 - Arizona - Smoke In The Air From Controlled Burns - Crews will burn 150 piles of debris... Fire personnel will reduce the impact of smoke by ending ignitions by 3 p.m. each day. Still, residents will see and smell moderate to heavy amounts of smoke that may linger in the area through Friday, Feb. 8.
1/4/13 - Kansas - Kansas is given 'pass' on air regs - In a rare move, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency granted the state's request to exclude four days from April 2011 when calculating air quality data for parts of central and eastern Kansas that is averaged over three years.
NWCG SMOKE COMMITTEE MEETING SUMMARIES
June-July 2012 Activity update
May 2012 Activity update
Apr 2012 Activity update
Mar 2012 Activity update
Feb 2012 Activity update Condensed 1-page
Nov 2011 Activity Update
Oct 2011 Activity Update
Sept 2011 Activity Update
Aug 2011 Activity Update
TECHNICAL SMOKE INFORMATION AND TOOLS
Linking PM2.5, Visual Range, and the Air Quality Index - single page summary poster
Information and Ordering Guidelines for Smoke Monitoring Kit #5840 Updated for FY13
HYSPLIT Trajectory Model Products in Spot Weather Forecasts
Single page version of above
WILDFIRE AIR QUALITY SUPPORT INFORMATION
Recommended Actions for Public Health Officials - Wildfire smoke guide table from the California Air Resource Planning Alliance (CARPA) posted 3/15/13.
Projected Wildfire AQ Impact Map - US Southwest
Projected Wildfire AQ Outlook - US Southwest
Wildland Fire Smoke & Smoke Impact Awareness Resources
Map of smoke and/or dust as analyzed by satellite Associated descriptive narrative
Today's SouthWest US trajectory forecast
Tomorrow's SouthWest US trajectory forecast
1-hr surface smoke forecast
SouthWest US Air Quality Loop
Central Rockies AQ/Smoke Loop
UPCOMING MEETINGS/WEBINARS
Posted 5/3/13 California Interagency Air and Smoke Council Steering Committee - McClellan AFB, Sacramento May 29-30. This meeting will focus on larger landscape burns, exceptional events, natural ignitions, and smoke & fire information sources. If you have any questions, please contact Ann Hobbs <AHobbs@placer.ca.gov>
For more information, or to sign up for the list-serve, please email Dar Mims <dmims@arb.ca.gov>
The Interagency Air and Smoke Council (IASC)is established to provide a forum for air regulators, land managers, and fire managers to discuss air quality and smoke management issues in California.
Contact: Mike McGown, EPA Reg X - (208)-378-5764 McGown.Michael@epa.gov
BRIEFINGS
Presentation Date: 11/5/12 Posting date: 12/11/12
National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) briefing paper - prescribed and wildland fire implications. "The results of the 2005 NATA are questionable in terms of those pollutants emitted by wildland fire and the associated risks to public health." - Posted 8/11
Black Carbon and Wildland Fire - Whitepaper (updated 9/24/2009)
Black carbon (BC), also known as elemental carbon, is a component of particulate matter (PM), and is released from the incomplete combustion of biomass (e.g. forests, savannahs, agricultural crops and residues), fossil fuels, and biofuels (solid, liquid or gaseous fuels made from plant matter). Recent research suggests that black carbon is a potent force in global climate change. Congressional hearings, EPA reports and several bills in Congress have discussed and targeted black carbon for potential control. Select HERE for the Whitepaper.
SMOKE MANAGERS SUBCOMMITTEE
Charter
Minutes from Nov. 6, 2012 Conference Call
Minutes from May 8, 2012 Conference Call
Minutes from Jan 31, 2012 Conference Call
SmoC TECHNICAL SUBCOMMITTEE
SmoC TRAINING SUBCOMMITTEE
OZONE
Fine Particles (PM2.5) - Strengthens the annual health standard, retains the existing 24-hour standard, retains existing secondary standards.
Coarse Particles (PM10) - Retains existing standards
AQI - Minor revisions (see AQI section below)
Above map is based on 2005-2008 PM2.5 monitoring data. The designation process in 2013 will use 2010-2012 data where wildfire impacts are much greater - potential for areas to do be improperly designated increases greatly when wildfire activity is high.
American Lung Association v. EPA (No. 1:12-cv-243)
In addition to setting a deadline of June 7 for the agency to sign a proposed rule, the
court ordered EPA to expedite the rule’s publication in the Federal Register and accept public comments for a period of nine weeks. A hearing on the timeline for issuance of the final revised PM NAAQS, during which the court has asked to hear from EPA Assistant Administrator for the Office of Air and Radiation Gina McCarthy, is scheduled for June 11, 2012.
EPA has issued a final Federal Register notice designating as “nonattainment” or “unclassifiable/attainment” three areas (Pinal County, Arizona; Plumas County, California; and Shasta County, California) and their respective surrounding counties that were deferred in the November 13, 2009 promulgated designations for the 2006 24-Hour national ambient air quality standards for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). 2/3/11 Federal Register Notice
EXCEPTIONAL EVENTS
Posted 5/13/13 Interim Exceptional Events Guidance Documents - just posted by EPA. Memo, fact sheet and two documents, “Interim Exceptional Events Rule Frequently Asked Questions” and the “Interim Guidance on the Preparation of Demonstrations in Support of Requests to Exclude Ambient Air Quality Data Affected by High Winds Under the Exceptional Events Rule.”
Letter to Gina McCarthy (EPA) regarding assistance to improve the procedure for addressing uncontrollable events. The California Air Resources Board is suggesting specific improvements to rule implementation to ensure that air quality planning efforts are appropriately focused to maximize the public health benefits of California's programs.
7/22/10
Letter to Gina McCarthy (EPA) regarding exceptional events implementation. In a letter to Gina McCarthy dated July 6, 2010, WESTAR reiterated its interest in collaborating with EPA on ways to improve the effectiveness of the Exceptional Events rule. The purpose of the rule is to exclude air quality monitoring data impacted by uncontrollable natural events such as dust storms and wildfires from the baseline used to determine if an area is in violation of a national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) and the amount of controls required when an area is determined to be in violation of a NAAQS. This is a follow-up to WESTAR's September 2009 recommendations and EPA response in March 2010.
NEI - NATIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY
Posted 5/2/13 Draft EPA 2011 National Emission Inventory - available for review. Changes due 5/8/2013. Contact your respective air quality agency to make comments and understand how they are addressing fire activity in your state.
2011 Wildland Fire National Emission Inventory - Sept 5, 2012 Webinar
AQI - AIR QUALITY INDEX
Updates to the Air Quality Index (AQI) due to Revised Air Quality Standards for Particle Pollution 12/14/2012
PM2.5 / Visual Range / AQI UPDATED 10/12/12 Linking PM2.5, Visual Range, and the Air Quality Index
SMOKE EXPOSURE
EPA - Study Finds Peat Wildfire Smoke Linked to Heart Failure Risk
BASIC SMOKE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
WESTAR - WESTERN STATES AIR RESOURCES COUNCIL
Spring 2012 meeting (April 16-17, 2012) - Seattle, WA. Meeting info
Fall 2011 meeting (Oct. 31 - Nov. 1, 2011) - Tempe, AR. Meeting info
Spring 2011 Meeting (April 25-26, 2011) - San Francisco. Interactive Agenda
Fall 2010 Meeting (September 28-29, 2010) - Portland, Oregon. WESTAR Fall 2010 Meeting
Spring 2010 Meeting
(March 29-30, 2010) - Denver, Colorado.
Fall 2009 Meeting (November 9-10, 2009) - Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Spring 2009 Meeting (April 6-8, 2009) - Incline Village, Nevada.
http://www.westar.org/Docs/Business%20Meetings/Spring09/Incline/WESTARspr09agenda.htm
SMOKE MODELING
SEMIP - Smoke and Emissions Intercomparison Project
SMOKE MONITORING
SmoC Smoke Monitoring Kit Announcement
Information and Ordering Guidelines for Smoke Monitoring Kit #5840 Updated for FY13
WFDSS - WILDLAND FIRE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Integrating Air Quality Tools into the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS) A new “one-stop shopping” air quality portal site is providing wildland fire decision makers with access to a variety of real-time and forecast air quality information.
WFDSS info 1-12-2011
Fire Management Today article on WFDSS
Further Information! => Integrating Air Quality Tools into the WFDSS <=
The Wildland Fire Decision Support System – Air Quality (WFDSS-AQ) portal is a stand-alone site that allows managers to quickly find the information of interest to them. Please check this site out - Feedback is encouraged, and the site will be modified in response to user comments and questions. 9/29/10
JOINT FIRE SCIENCE PROGRAM
In 2007 the Joint Fire Science program conducted a wildland fire smoke needs assessment, hosting two parallel roundtables (in the eastern and western US) in which managers and scientists developed lists of priorities. It was clear from the roundtables that a comprehensive and extensive science plan was needed to focus future investments from 2011 to 2015 - the plan was completed in 2010. Check here for recent developments: Joint Fire Science Program - Smoke Science Plan
**JFSP Survey - Input needed on the future direction for JFSP Smoke Research. Please take a few moments to complete the questionnaire.** 2/28/13
PAST MEETINGS, CONFERENCES and WEBINARS
On the Causes and Movement of Smoke-Induced Fog Hosted by the Wildfire Lessons Learned Center on May 3, 2012
Public Perceptions of Wildland and Prescribed Fire Smoke and Smoke Management - April 18, 2012
3rd Human Dimensions of Wildland Fire Conference
EPA Region X (NorthWest) April 2011 Smoke Management Meeting Presentations - The site has a folder for each day of the meeting that contains the presentations from those days. There is also a general folder which contains the Final Agenda, Smoke Management Recommendations, the Mission and Vision Statement and the attendee list and contacts.
Wildland Fire Smoke Messaging and Perception Webinar
The NWCG Smoke Committee (SmoC) hosted this webinar on June 28, 2011 in collaboration with the NWCG Communication, Education, and Prevention Committee, USFS Smoke FARM Team, and NIFC External Affairs. Four presentations and a discussion period examined public perception and messaging about smoke and wildland fire.
Effective Communication for Smoke Management in a Changing Air Quality Environment The SmoC has developed 3-day regional Workshops. The first was hosted at the Great Smokey Mountains National Park in September 2008, and the second occured February 2009 in Omaha, Nebraska. More information available at: http://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/wildlandfire/regional_workshop.htm. Workshop presentations are available from the "SmoC Workshop Materials" discussion area in this neighborhood.
LiveMeeting: On 3/5/2010 Dr. Christine Wiedinmyer from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) gave a presentation to SmoC regarding her work estimating fire emissions and the many other fire emission estimation projects going on elsewhere. She also discussed new emission factor work being conducted by Dr. Robert Yokelson (FS RMRS & University of Montana). Dr. Yokelson is identifying a greater suite of VOCs coming off fires as well as adjusting (in many cases downward) previous emission factor estimates. For the presentation, the paper Prescribed Fire as a Means of Reducing Forest Carbon Emissions in the Western United States (ES&T, 2010, 44, 1926-1932), and other related material go to the "Emissions from Fire" discussion area below.
Webinar: On 01/08/2010 Dr. Sim Larkin of the Forest Service AirFIRE Team, PNW Research Station, gave a presentation on Integrating Air Quality Tools with the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS, http://firesmoke.us/wfdss/). The Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS) is intended to assist fire managers, agency administrators and analysts in making strategic and tactical decisions for fire incidents. It is designed to replace the WFSA (Wildland Fire Situation Analysis), Wildland Fire Implementation Plan (WFIP), and Long-Term Implementation Plan (LTIP) processes with a single process that is easier to use, more intuitive, linear, scalable, and progressively responsive to changing fire complexity. Efforts are underway to implement air quality (AQ) and smoke related tools into WFDSS so that air quality can be considered along with the suite of other considerations when tactical decisions are being made on fire incidents. A web-based portal has been developed which uses data from WFDSS to drill-down into existing AQ/smoke tools for relevant information. The existing tools are: smoke guidance point forecasts, smoke guidance regional maps, diurnal surface wind pattern analysis, climatological ventilation index point statistics, current air quality conditions map, fire information and smoke trajectories, probabilistic smoke impacts based on past weather, and customized fuels, consumption and smoke modeling. This information is customizable to the WFDSS users needs based on attributes such as: instant access (speed of tool/info delivery), easy to use (simple or more complex), desired scale (local, regional), and desired format of information (graphics, text). This suite of air quality tools on the portal can be used independently of WFDSS for planning and prescribed fire applications. For a .wav recording of the presentation click HERE (47 MB). For a pdf version of the powerpoint click HERE (5 MB).
Webinar: On 10/27/2009 Dr. Sim Larkin of the Forest Service AirFIRE Team, PNW Research Station, gave a presentation on the Smoke Emission Model Intercomparison Project (SEMIP, http://www.semip.org/). SEMIP is a multi-year community effort to analyze fire consumption, fire emissions, plume rise, and smoke dispersion models. SEMIP is sponsored by the Joint Fire Science Program and is designed to be an open collaborative project that will create an open standard for comparing smoke and emissions models both against each other and against real-world observations. Phase 1 begins the real analysis work of SEMIP where fire information systems, fuel maps, and fire consumption, emissions, and dispersion models will be run for initial test cases. SEMIP is a designed to quantify the many permutations these inter-model comparisons yield so that they may be of use to both the scientific and management communities who need; 1) model performance comparisons to be able to better focus new model development, and 2) to be able to better utilize existing model output. For a .wav recording of the presentation click HERE (50 MB). For a pdf version of the powerpoint click HERE (6 MB).
REFERENCE
ARCHIVES
2012 Wildfire Season Talking Points on Smoke/Air Quality
· Heavy smoke from wildfires can threaten public health and safety.
· Wildfire smoke on roads or in aviation corridors can place the public and firefighters at risk. Reduced visibility from smoke is especially a concern in the Southeast where "whiteout" conditions are more likely if low wind speeds and high humidity are present. People should exercise care when driving in smoky, low-visibility conditions.
· Older adults, children, and people with heart or lung disease (including asthma) are more vulnerable to the adverse health effects of air pollution from wildfires.
· If heavy smoke is present, those who are more vulnerable should take precautions and reduce prolonged or heavy activity outdoors. People should keep in mind that smoke impacts can change quickly.
· Prescribed fire is a valuable land management tool. Prescribed fire also produces smoke, but the smoke is typically short-lived and managed to reduce impacts. Prescribed fire and other fuels treatments help reduce the severity of wildfires and minimize adverse impacts on public health and safety.
Ozone Background Information
12/8/2010 EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson has announced a delay in the final issuance of the 8-hour ozone standard until no later than July 31, 2011. According to the EPA statement below, she will "ask CASAC for further interpretation of the epidemiological and clinical studies they used to make their [60-70 ppb] recommendation. To ensure EPA's decision is grounded in the best science, EPA will review the input CASAC provides before the new standard is selected."
11/2/10 - NY Times: EPA Plans Late-December Release for New Ozone Standard - Continued Delay - "Completing this rulemaking has taken longer than anticipated. EPA expects that this process will take an additional two months. Thus, EPA is committed to signing a final rule on the reconsideration of the 2008 Ozone standard by December 31, 2010." (excerpted from court filing)
EPA due to publish new standards August October December 31, 2010 July 31, 2011 - stay tuned!
 New Proposed Ozone Standards (posted 1/23/2010): On 1/19/2010 the Environmental Protection Agency proposed strengthening the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone. They are taking comments on a primary standard level between 0.070 ppm and 0.060 ppm (8-hr averaging period). They are also proposing a new secondary standard known as the W126 with levels between 7 ppm-hrs to 15 ppm-hrs. Comments are due 3/22/2010 and the Rule will be finalized 8-10/31/2010. At the most stringent proposed levels it is estimated that 650 counties may exceed the primary standard and 579 counties may exceed the secondary standard, whereas under the old standard 85 counties exceeded the standard. More information at: http://www.epa.gov/air/ozonepollution/actions.html
Kansas Smoke Management Website now with Smoke Modeling Tool!
Kansas SMP posted on KSU Agriculture Today <= LINK <=
The Kansas State University radio program "Agriculture Today" has available a 10-part series on topics related to prescribed burning and smoke management. These 8-minute presentations are posted to the "Agriculture Today" website. In some cases, videotapes of the interviews are also available.
Clenton Owensby KSU - Reasons for Burning in the Flint Hills
Tom Gross KDHE - The Kansas Smoke Management Plan
Kris Craven NWS - The Role of Weather in Smoke Management
Jeff Davidson KSU - How the Smoke Management Plan Will Affect Ranchers
Doug Goodin KSU - Decision Support System
Roger McEowen ISU - Legal Aspects of the Smoke Management Plan
Walt Fick KSU Fire Management Practices for Smoke Management
David Kraft NRCS Using a Burn Plan
Jason Hartman KFS The Role of Emergency Managers and Fire Chiefs in Implementing the SMP
Cindy Kemper Jo.Co. Explanation of the April Burn Ban
Briefing PapersAir Quality Regulations - Implications for Land Managers
Check out the "Neighborhood Library" (Public Files->Briefing Papers).
Particulate Matter - EPA review of NAAQS.
Newsletters
Fire Management Today (USFS) - (Article of Interest - The Results of a Brief Web-Based Questionnaire on Wildland Fire Smoke) See the latest issue! Prior issues.
Canadian Smoke Newsletters - from The Lung Association of Saskatchewan. The Fall/Winter edition of the Canadian Smoke Newsletter includes the following articles: Canadian Wildland Fire Conference 2010 Report, International Conference on Open Burning and the Arctic, Forecast Support to BORTAS-A (2010): Predicting Forest Fire Smoke Plumes over Nova Scotia, The Western Canada BlueSky Wildfire Smoke Forecasting System Pilot: A Successful Launch, Quebec Wildfires Spread Smoke to Eastern Canada and New England
General Conformity Briefing Paper posted (8/26/10) - view it in the Neighborhood Library with the other briefing papers (link at the bottom right).
Of Interest in the News – Archives
12/6/12 - Show Low, AZ - Prescribed burning cut short due to smokey conditions - in the Fort Apache Indian Reservation and is being carried out by the Bureau of Indian Affairs Fort Apache office. The Hop Cot prescribed burn was cut short December 5th due to the amount of smoke coming into Show Low. The burn has been going on for about two weeks and will burn December 6, but only for a few hours.
11/30/12 - Gainesville, FL - Smoke and fog a concern as wildfire season begins - Jim Brenner believes a bit of information and a thermometer could help prevent a recurrence of the chain of fiery crashes that killed 11 people on Interstate 75 in January.
Fire started October 9 - now at 3,584 acres in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Albuquerque's Environmental Health Department's Air Quality Division has issued a health alert until 11 a.m. because of smoke from a prescribed burn in the Jemez Wilderness.
10/19/12 - Albuquerque, NM - Air quality alert issued due to smoke - Smoke from San Juan Controlled Burn comes to ABQ
10/11/12 - Colorado - Fern Lake Fire, Rocky Mountain National Park
10/2/12 - Oregon - Wildfire southwest of Sisters continues to burn, clogging air
10/1/12 - Minnesota - Karlstad evacuated as 2,000 acres burn in northwest Minnesota - "The whole town is just in smoke..." "Fires that burn into peat could burn all winter..."
10/1/12 - NorthWest US - Northwest Smoke: In Some Areas Experts Say It’s Worse Than L.A.’s Air
9/28/12 - Wisconsin - Grass fire leads to crashes, road closures in Monroe County
9/25/12 - Washington State - Surrounded By Wildfires, Schools Try To Keep Smoke Out
9/24/12 - Montana - Smoke continues to fill Western Montana skies
9/24/12 - Idaho - Idaho rain scrubs away smoke.
9/23/12 - E. Washington - Wildfire smoke continues to plague stressed communities
9/13/12 - Washington State - Wildfire smoke blanketing both sides of state
9/13/12 - Siberia - Wildfires in Siberia - The summer of 2012 has proven to be the most severe wildfire season Russia has faced in a decade. Unlike 2010, when severe fires raged in western Russia, most of the fires in 2012 have burned through taiga in remote parts of eastern and central Siberia.
7/3/2012 - Wyoming - Smoke from wildfires can cause health problems
7/1/2012 - Rocky Mountain region - Due to continued smoke being generated by several fires within the region, a Smoke and Air Quality Specialist has been ordered to the Rocky Mountain area to help gather and assess pertinent and timely changes in smoke production to determine the likelihood and severity of smoke impacts.
6/28/2012 - Fire smoke may diminish rainfall - Scientists investigate the effect of smoke on Colorado’s monsoon season
6/28/2012 - Virginia - Smoke Drifting into Fairfax County from Shenandoah Area Forest Fires
6/3/2012 - El Paso, TX - Smoke From New Mexico Wildfires Hangs Over El Paso
and... El Paso Getting Minimal Smoke from NM Fire
5/29/2012 - New Mexico - New Mexico Smoke Outlook from SWCC
5/25/2012 - New Mexico - Smoke from Southern NM fire reaches Santa Fe
5/24/2012 - Ontario, Canada - Heavy dark smoke hits Timmins
5/24/2012 - US Southwest - Smoke drifts to Phoenix area
5/24/2012 - New Mexico - Smoke from the fires shrouds southwestern New Mexico.
EPA Rejects Claims of Flawed Climate Science Press release The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today denied 10 petitions challenging its 2009 determination that climate change is real, is occurring due to emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities, and threatens human health and the environment. Article: 7/20/2010
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